Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment (RNDA). It is NOT a screening instrument. It is an assessment tool.

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2010/03/22/peds.2008-3471.full.pdf

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0b34/91c486d920bfc08c952b071b7dbfbd6d3a53.pdf

https://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(13)01583-7/pdf

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cch.12362

Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment (RNDA) is an assessment tool designed to ascertain functional status, ie, neurodevelopmental impairments (NDIs),  across multiple neurodevelopmental domains; with grades of severity for each domain determined, so that appropriate interventions can be planned, and prioritized, according to the child’s ascertained NDI profile.

0 months (full term)

16 years

Cost of the kit, with manual= Tk 25000/-; Cost of mailing kit, manual and training video=Tk 85000/-  ; Cost of Direct hands-on training in Dhaka, Bangladesh= Tk 96040/-(Approx.)

A complete kit with manual;  floor mat;  8 inches high rectangular table to be placed on mat; printed forms.

Primitive reflexes (for 0-<1 months), Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Vision, Hearing, Speech (expressive language), Cognition, Behavior, and Seizures; Self Care (for children >5 years another domain is included). 

(e.g., required qualifications to administer tool, approximate time or other considerations for training administrators):

(a) Testers should be, preferably, from ‘child friendly’ professions. Such as teachers, community health and/or social workers, nurses, doctors, therapists, etc.

(b) They must have a  high school degree, ie,  with minimum schooling of 12 years

(c) Hands-on training requires a minimum of 6 working days within Bangladesh

(d) Alternatively, video-based training can be undertaken, with skype calls for queries, monitoring and evaluation by the test developers. 

30 minutes on average.  

Here we are interested in knowing whether the instrument itself would need translation. We assume training materials and instructions to administrators would need to be translated: The manual and all forms are in English. Training videos have English subtitles.  Some countries (such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, Guatemala, Haiti) have translated versions.

Bhutan (which has translated the forms into Bhutanese):

1. Two-Stage Child Disability Survey 2010-2011 http://www.nsb.gov.bt/news/news_detail.php?id=68&task=view
2. The RNDA is applied across Bhutan by primary school teachers, etc, to identify children at school entry for developmental delays and disabilities. http://www.unicefbhutan.org.bt/our-programmes/planning-monitorin>g-evaluation/

Guatemala (which has translated the forms into Spanish):

1. Assessing Pollution’s Effects on Infant Development
   https://scienceofcaring.ucsf.edu/global-health/assessing-pollution%E2%80%99s-effects-infant-development

Haiti: Contact Persons –

1. Katlyne Lubin, MD, Developmental Pediatrician, Westwood, NJ, USA.
2. Zambia: by psychologists and special educators. Contact person: : Sylvia Mwanza, PhD, Lusaka, Zambia.
3. Tanzania, Nepal: currently being applied. Contact person: Dr. Jena Hamadani, Researcher, Maternal and Neonatal Health, Maternal and Child Health Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research in Bangladesh (ICDDR,B).

Australia: Contact Persons-

1. Senior Psychologist, Griffiths University

USA: Contact Persons-

1. Pediatrician, Indiana University

• • Khan NZ, Makhduma N (editors). Survey of Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Bangladesh. Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh. August, 2013.

• • Banu SH, Salim AFM, Ara R, Akhter R, Khan NZ. Neurodevelopmental Evaluation in Full-term Newborns with Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE): A Case Control Study. Bangladesh J Child Health. April 2015. Vol. 39 (1): 6-13.

• • Thompson, L., Peñaloza, R. A., Stormfields, K., Kooistra, R., Valencia‐Moscoso, G., Muslima, H., & Khan, N. Z. (2015). Validation and adaptation of rapid neurodevelopmental assessment instrument for infants in Guatemala. Child: care, health and development, 41(6), 1131-1139.

• • Islam MMZ, Hossain MM, Haque SA, Khan NZ. Neurodevelopmental Assessment in Preterm Neonates at Early Ages: Screening of at-risk Infants for Long Term Sequlae. Bangladesh Journal of Child Health. 2016; 40 (1): 5-11.

• • Khan NZ, Muslima H, Shilpi AB, Majumder SK, Khan AE. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children Born to Climate Refugee Mothers in Bangladesh: Experiences from Cyclone Aila. Mymensingh Medical Journal: MMJ. 2016 Oct; 25(4):746-750.

• • LisaThompsen. Methodological Challenges in Child Neurodevelopmental Assessment. School of Nursing. University of California, San Francisco. https://cleancookstoves.org/binary-data/ATTACHMENT/file/000/000/224-1.pdf

• Two Stage Child Disability Study Report. Bhutan 2010-2011. National Statistics Bureau; Ministry of Health; Ministry of Education; UNICEF. http://www.nsb.gov.bt/news/files/attach1tz9416bn.pdf

RNDA  is not a screening tool. It assesses children who might be at high risk for developmental delays and disabilities; and provides a profile of their functional strengths and limitations, together with grades of severity of the ascertained neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), if any.

Within an epidemiological survey, all children positive on a screening tool, together with a percentage of screen negatives, can be seen, to calculate Se, Sp, and Predictive Validities of the screening method. RNDA does provide a prevalence of NDIs. Calculations can be done using both 2X2 and 2X3 (including the ‘not assessed’ numbers of children) tables.

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Bangladesh Protibondhi Foundation (BPF).

An MOU needs to be signed between BPF and the trainee institution or individual. It is a simple document where the main clause is the application of the tool on a non-profit basis.